ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK KETURUNAN F1 HASIL PERSILANGAN RESIPROK CABAI RAZZAMATAZZ dan RAWIT DENGAN PENANDA RAPD (Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA)

Abstract

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) has important economic values as horticultural commodity in Indonesia. A plant breeding program, such as crosses, is a method to increase chili production. The reciprocal crosses is commonly used in chili plant breeding. This research aims to determine the genetic diversity of chili progeny by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Genetic materials used as parents are the introduction of chili, Razzamataz, and rawit chili pepper. Those parents’ plants were reciprocally crossed in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University (UGM) in November 2012. The analysis of their inheritance patterns based on segregation as the results of parent crosses was conducted until August 2014. Operon primers (OPA 9, OPA 10, OPA 12) were used in molecular analysis. The results of visualization indicated the presence or absence of DNA bands from each primer. DNA bands were scored manually, 1 for the presence of homologous DNA bands and 0 for the opposite. Those binary data were analyzed with GenAlex 6.5 software. The results of genetic analysis in populations of chili Razzamataz and Rawit crosses (accessions A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) showed that the percentages of  polymorphic locus were various. Accession C has the highest polymorphic locus (85.71%), while accession F has the lowest polymorphic locus (7.14%). The population of progeny from crosses between chili Rawit and Razzamataz, accession B has the highest polymorphic locus (35.71 %), while accessions D and H have the lowest polymorphic locus (0.00%). The analysis of genetic diversity of chili Razzamatazz and rawit crosses showed that the genetic diversity among population was 70% while the genetic diversity between populations was 30%.

Keywords: chilli pepper, cross breeding, reciprocal, genetic diversity, RAPD.